Fertilizing 101

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Fertilizing is necessary to keeping a plant healthy, and it is especially important in container gardening because no new nutrients are naturally introduced to the soil. Here is a breakdown of how fertilizers work:

Fertilizers contain a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Nitrogen is for the leaves, phosphorus is for the flowers, and potassium is for the roots and overall health. These elements are represented on fertilizer packages by three numbers, known as the N-P-K ratio. For example, a label that says 10-15-8 has a content of 10% nitrogen, 15% phosphorus, and 8% potassium. 

There are also organic fertilizing options. Organic fertilizers are usually slower-acting than synthetic fertilizers, but the effects tend to last longer. Bone meal is a good source of phosphorus, while blood meal contains a high proportion of nitrogen. A solution of liquid seaweed and water, applied topically to the leaves, is a good source of essential trace minerals. Hydrolized fish fertilizer has an N-P-K ratio of 2-4-1, making it good for flowering or fruit-bearing plants. 

Or, if you have the time, you could make some compost tea. 

It is extremely important to not over-fertilize your plants-- bad things will happen.